Welcome to NSOU Open Journal | 1st Issue (January 2023)

/ Open Journal - 1^st Issue (January 2023)

Vol.: 6

No.: 1

ISSN: 2581-5415

From the Desk of the Vice-Chancellor

Greetings from NetajiSubhas Open University (NSOU)!

I am very happy to present this 11th volume of the online journal of the School of Professional Studies. It is my pleasure to state that the School of Professional Studies (SPS), Netaji Subhas Open University has taken initiative to publish a scholarly interdisciplinary online journal – NSOU OPEN JOURNAL. It marks the beginning of the University to reach the global academic fraternity. The School of Professional Studies of the University always takes innovative initiatives for the development of research and advancement of knowledge in the related field through seminars, conferences/ workshops. I would like to take this opportunity to congratulate my colleagues at SPS, NSOU for this unique academic endeavour for publishing the online journal. It is the most devastating and disrupting year due to COVID-19 that we have lived through.

I am sure that the NSOU OPEN JOURNAL would give a platform to the researchers/ practitioners to exchange their views, ideas and thoughts on the contemporary issues ofinterdisciplinary areas in the field of commerce, management, education, library and information science, social work etc. in days to come.

I express my best wishes to this scholarly effortwith a hope and expectations that the journal will be an important source of references for the researchers.

(Professor Ranjan Chakrabarti)
Vice-Chancellor, NSOU

Table of Content

From the Desk of Editor

I am very happy to present this 11th issue of the multidisciplinary online "Open Journal" of the School. The journey started in the year 2018 with the objective to give an opportunity to young researchers for reaching the global readers.

In India, open and distance learning has become a formidable force in increasing access and equity in higher education of the country. The mission and vision of distance education like reaching the unreached actually conveys the message of inclusive education which may cut across the barriers of caste, creed, gender and also the urban-rural or poor-reach divide. Netaji Subhas Open University, founded in the 1997 on the auspicious occasion of the birth centenary of Netaji Subhas Ch. Bose, has come to occupy a prominent position in the arena of higher education with nearly 4.75 lakh learners scattered throughout the State of West Bengal, India. It is a matter of pride that as the first State Open University, NSOU has been accredited by NAAC with grade A in its 1st cycle.

To cater to the need of the learners, the University uses ICT to reach its learners with academic content like course materials, A/V lecturers, etc. The University also hosts "OER Repository" for its academic resources for the aspirants of higher education all over the world. The School of Professional Studies of the University, apart from its regular academic activities, frequently organizes seminars/conferences on contemporary issues of the different subject domains. It is a matter of pride that NSOU-OPEN JOURNAL is being published by a School of the University since 2018 in multidisciplinary subjects. The University has adopted an institutional OER policy for its various publications. Accordingly, all the academic contentsare released as OER in our OER repository with CC-BY-NC-SA license. In the current issue, we could accommodate only nine papers which have been reviewed by our eminent experts in their respective domains.

We take thisopportunityto thank all the contributors without whose contributions this issue would not have been possible. We are extremely grateful to Professor RanjanChakrabarti, Vice-Chancellor, NetajiSubhas Open University, for his overall guidance, valuable suggestions and continuous support for this publication. We express our sincere thanks to all the subject experts who have reviewed the papers and given their valuable suggestions to improve the quality of the content. We are also grateful to those who directly or indirectly helped at various stages, whose names are not included here, but without their moral support and well wishes, this issue of the journal could not have taken the final shape.

We are sure that readers from different parts of the world will find this online journal very useful in understanding contemporary issues on different subjects. There might have some gaps or omissions in our efforts and we welcome the readers to send their views and observations to help us in all of our future academic endeavours.

(Professor Anirban Ghosh)
Editor